【重点难点提示】
一、重点是：(1)
1 .被动语态的构成：
助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词。
助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
(1)一般现在时的被动语态：
am(is ,are) + 动词过去分词
Rice is grown in China .中国出产大米。
(2)一般过去时的被动语态：
Was(were) + 动词过去分词
These photos were taken last year .这些照片是去年照的。
(3)含有情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词
This car can be mended in an hour .这辆小汽车一小时就能修好。
2 .主动语态变被动语态的方法：
(1)把主动语态的宾语提前变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把主动语态的谓语动词变为被动结构。但时态应保持一致，但人称和数的形式取决于被动语态的主语。
(3)把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，有时可以省略。
二、难点是：(1)被动语态的用法(即何时用被动语态)。(2)主动语态变被动语态的方法(怎样变)。
三、考点是：(1)一般现在时的被动语态。(2)一般过去时的被动语态。(3)含有情态动词的被动语态。(4)将主动语态的句子变为被动语态。有关动词的语态在历年各地中考题中约占3分左右。
【经典范例引路】
例1 I think Ezhou-Huanggang Bridge up in 2003 .
A .builds B .is built C .can build D .can be built
(2001年黄冈市中考题)
简析：此题是考查含有情态动词的被动语态。根据宾语从句中主语Ezhou-Huanggang Bridge与谓语build up之间的关系，可以看出主语是动词短语build up的承受者，要用被动语态。且根据说话人的语气，只是一种推断，表示有可能，因此要用情态动词can。故答案为D。
例2 Do you know bananas in Hainan ?
A .grows B .is grown C .grew D .are grown
(2001年甘肃省中考题)
简析：此题是考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意此句所填部分应用一般现在时，并且根据宾语从句中主语bananas与谓语动词grow之间的关系，可以看出主语bananas是谓语动词grow的承受者，因此要用被动语态。且宾语从句的主语bananas为复数。故答案为D。
例3 No one knows how the huge rocks and without our modern machines eight hundred years ago .
A .are cut ,moved B .were cut ,move
C .are cut ,moving D .were cut ,moved
(2001年广州市中考题)
简析：此题是考查一般过去时的被动语态。在宾语从句中有表示过去的时间状语eight hundred years ago，表明宾语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。根据主语the huge rocks与谓语动词cut和move之间的关系，表明主语是谓语动词的承受者，谓语动词要用被动语态，且cut和move为并列谓语，后一个谓语应省去助动词be。且主语the huge rocks为复数。故答案为D。
例4 Li Lei mended the bike .(改为同义句)
The bike by Li Lei .
(2001年辽宁省中考题)
简析：此题是考查将一般过去时主动语态的句子变为被动语态。原句是主动语态，谓语动词为一般过去时，被动句中的主语是第三人称单数the bike，其答案应为was mended。
例5 Ken is often heard to apologize to his teacher .(改为主动语态)
We often Ken to his teacher .
(2001年深圳市中考题)
简析：此题是考查一般现在时被动语态的句子变为主动语态。被动句是一般现在时的被动语态，主动句中的主语是第一人称复数，谓语动词要用动词原形。并且动词hear在被动结构中后面要接带to的动词不定式，但它在主动结构中常接不带to的动词不定式。故答案为hear ,apologize。
【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ .单项选择(选自各地中考题)
( )1 .The medicine in a dry and cool place .(2000年重庆市中考题)
A .keep B .must keep C .must be kept D .must be keep
( )2 .A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week . (2000年天津市中考题)
A .is given B .has been given
C .will be given D .will give
( )3 .Today ,the forests have almost gone .People must down too many trees . (2001年安徽省中考题)
A .stop to out B .stop from cutting
C .be stopped to cut D . be stopped from cutting
( )4 .About 500 cars in the factory next month . (2001年辽宁省中考题)
A .were produced B .will produce
C .have been produced D .will be produced
( )5 .The key for locking the classroom door . (2001年广西省中考题)
A .uses B .is used C .is using D .use
( )6 .A new school over there in two years . (2001年四川省中考题)
A .may build B .may be built C .is built
( )7 .The man who lived alone on that island thought he never .
A .will ,find B .would ,be found C .is ,found D .had ,been found
( )8 .Computers are very useful .For example ,they can sending e-mail .(电子邮件) (2001年苏州市中考题)
A .use for B .be used of C .be used for D .use of
( )9 .?What a nice garden !
?It 年武汉市中考题) every day . (2000
A .is cleaning B .has cleaned C .must clean D .is cleaned
( )10 .This work next week . (2000年广西省中考题)
A .may finish B .finish C .finishes D .may be finished
( )11 .My house in 1995 .We have lived there for nearly five years . (2000年广西省中考题)
A .was build B .has built C .is built D .were built
( )12 .The lost boy early this morning . (2000年四川省中考题)
A .found B .was founded C .was found D .founded
( )13 .That white building two years ago ,but it is quite old now . (2000年河北省中考题)
A .built B .was built C .is built D .builds
( )14 .The big tree by my mother ten years ago .(2000年甘肃省中考题)
A .was planted B .planted C .has planted D .was planting
【综合能力训练】
Ⅱ .用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空。
1 .English widely (use) in the world .
2 .These pictures must (keep) well .
3 .She (fall) ill last night ,and she (take) to the hospital at once .
4 .Now rice and wheat (grow) in my hometown ,too .Look !The crops__________(grow) fast in the fields .
5 .The Great Wall (know) all over the world .
6 . the street lights usually (turn) on at seven in summer evening ?
7 . this kind of car (produce) in Wuhan ?
8 . the doctor (send) for last night ?
9 .We used a teapot before the thermos (invent) .
10 .Three children (take) good care of by the nurse .
11 .Some new houses (build) by the villagers themselves .
12 .What language (speak) in Japan ?
13 .The black bike (buy) in that shop three days ago .
14 .The doctor said Jim must (operate) on at once .
15 .The big tree (blow) down in the storm last night .
【创新备考训练】
Ⅲ .将下列主动语态改为被动语态。
1 .You needn’t do it now .
2 .You must finish your homework now .
3 .We can do the work today .
4 .She had done the work by the end of last month .
5 .The writer has written many stories for that magazine(杂志) .
6 .He was doing his homework at this time yesterday .
7 .My brother is reading the book now .
8 .They founded that hospital in 1996 .
9 .Yesterday we played football after school .
10 .People all over the world know the Great Wall .
11 .He often helps his brother .
12 .Do you learn Unit 8 ?
13 .Does Li Lei do his homework at home ?
14 .Did Miss Gao speak English yesterday ?
15 .When did Mike visit China ?
16 .Why do you tell her the thing ?
参考答案
【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ .1?5 CCDDB 6?10 BBCDD 11?14 ACBA
【综合能力训练】
Ⅱ .1 .is ,used 2 .be kept 3 .fell ,was taken 4 .are grown is growing 5 .is known 6 .Are ,turned 7 .Is ,produced 8 .Was ,sent 9 .was invented 10 .are taken 11 .were built 12 .is spoken 13 .was bought 14 .be operated 15 .was blown
【创新备考训练】
Ⅲ .1 .It needn’t be done now . 2 .Your homework must be finished now . 3 .The work can be done by us today . 4 .The work had been done by her by the end of last month . 5 .Many stories have been written by the writer for that magazine . 6 .His homework was being done by him at this time yesterday 7 .The book is being read by my brother now 8 .That hospital was founded by them in 1996 . 9 .Yesterday a football was played by as after school . 10 .The Great Wall is known all over the world . 11 .His brother is often helped by him . 12 .Is Unit 8 learned by you ? 13 .Is Li Lei’s homework done by himself at home ? 14 .Was English spoken by Miss Gao yesterday ? 15 .When was China visited by Mike ? 16 .Why is the thing told to him by you ?(Why is she told the thing by you ?)
