2010/11/1 12:50:00 浏览：1681 来源：天津家教网
是不是有同学觉得做完形填空题时又要看文章、又要选单词而摸不着头脑呢？其实再困难的题，只要掌握了好的解题方法，做起来就会轻松许多。这篇文章就为大家总结了做完形填空题的7个基本方法，看过后不妨做一下后面的练习题看看有没有效果。
1. 语境推测法
近几年高考英语完形填空题的最大特点是--重点考查语境。所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。所以考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章内容，区分文章的结构层次和文章的内在逻辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，并从中选最符合语境的答案。
2. 语法分析法
尽管近几年的高考完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，很少(或几乎不)考查纯语法知识，但是借助语法分析来帮助理解句子、推测语境、判断搭配等，这却是必不可少的。所以，考生在遇到疑难复杂的句子时，应充分利用所学语法知识进行分析处理，以免因理解上的差错而选错答案。
3. 常识推断法
语境的判断在许多情况下需借助常识的判断，所以考生在做题时还应充分结合自己作为一名中学生所应该具备的常识进行合理推测。如车在转弯时，车速要放慢；人累了就要休息；学习不用功，考试就不能及格等，这都是常识问题。不过这里也请注意，若是在这类语言环境下，作者用了but, however 之类的表示转折的词语，情况则可能完全相反，如人累了却不休息；车在转弯时，车速却偏要加快等。
4. 习语搭配法
英语中，一些固定的句型和短语结构既是学习的一个难点，也是完形填空的一个常考考点。做题时应注意所填空之词与空格前后词语的习惯搭配。如：
I started surfing about five years ago and ______ in love with the sport on the very first day.
A. stayed B. came C. dropped D. fell
此题应选D，因为fall in love with 是习惯搭配，意为"爱上"、"喜欢上"。
5. 比较择优法
即根据文章内容和上下文的情景，通过比较所给选项，从中选出最佳答案。
6. 错误排除法
有些题目通过正面的选择一时难以确定最佳选项，可尝试使用排除法，即从文章语境、词语搭配、语法结构、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析比较，排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。
7. 先易后难法
由于完形填空题是在一篇短文中挖去一些词，且绝大多数是一些实词，所以文章读起来肯定有一些难度。考生在做题时，千万不能不分难易地把所有试题一次搞定，而应尝试使用先易后难的方法。即顺着文章思路，根据自己对文章的理解，一边读一边把容易做的、有把握的先做好，对于一时没有把握的难题，可以暂时跳过去或初拟一个答案，说不定后面会有对这道题的提示。把容易的做好后，文章空格也随之减少，整篇文章的意思也就会变得更清晰，这时难题也许就会变为易题了。
请看下面一篇填空题：
"It was all his own idea," says Pat, the wife of California high school football coach Bob Peters. Bob had. ___1___ made a "motherhood contract"-declaring that for 70 days this summer he would ___2___ the care of their four children and all the housework. ___3___ he didn't even know how to make coffee when he signed, he was very confident.
After 40 of the 70 days, he was ready to ___4___. "I was beaten down," admits Bob, "Not only is motherhood a ___5___ task, it is an impossible job for any normal human being."
Bob and Pat were married in 1991. After they married, Pat ___6___ a secretary to help put him through university. ___7___ Bob has been the football coach while Pat raised the kids. ___8___ two years ago Pat went back to work. "I had been ___9___ children so much," she ___10___, "I couldn't talk to a grown-up." She continued to run the household, ___11___ -until Bob signed the contract.
Bob tried hard to learn cooking, but the meals he prepared were ___12___. For the last three weeks, the family ___13___ a lot-sometimes having MacDonald's hamburgers for lunch and dinner.
___14___ housekeeping, a home economics teacher had told Bob that a room always looks clean ___15___ the bed is made. "I found ___16___ I shut the doors," he says. Soon the kids were wearing their shirts inside out. "When we went to ___17___ Pat at work, I made them wear their shirts ___18___ side out so they would look clean."
Now that Bob has publicly ___19___ he was wrong, he is ___20___ the child-raising and household tasks with Pat.
1. A. only B. just C. nearly D. ever
2. A. stick to B. set about C. think about D. take over
3. A. If B. As C. Since D. Although
4. A. carry on B. give up C. break down D. find out
5. A. strange B. pleasant C. difficult D. serious
6. A. sent B. employed C. learned from D. worked as
7. A. In time B. Before long C. Since then D. Later on
8. A. Then B. Thus C. So D. Still
9. A. near B. after C. about D. around
10. A. insists B. sighs C. jokes D. apologizes
11. A. besides B. therefore C. however D. otherwise
12. A. terrible B. tasty C. expensive D. special
13. A. starved B. traveled C. worked out D. ate out
14. A. Due to B. As for C. Along with D. Except for
15. A. until B. before C. if D. unless
16. A. an easier way B. a cheaper way C. a cleaner way D. a harder way
17. A. receive B. welcome C. greet D. fetch
18. A. good B. wrong C. right D. opposite
19. A. admitted B. suggested C. agreed D. explained
20. A. operating B. realizing C. sharing D. performing
答案与解析：本文讲述丈夫Bob与妻子Pat签订一份协约--暑假照顾小孩和做家务活70天。最后以失败告终，Bob不得不公开承认错误。
1. B 根据后半句"他将要接替照看小孩和料理家务"可知，这份"母亲职责契约"是刚签不久的。
2. D 根据下文可知，他们结婚以来一直是Pat承担家务，今年夏天将由Bob来做这些事，当然是"接管、接替"了。
3. D由两分句间的逻辑关系决定的。句意是：尽管签约时他连make coffee都不会，但是他却很有信心。
4. B 根据I was beaten down和admits推知，他认输了(give up)。
5. C 根据it is an impossible job for any normal human being可知这是件非常困难的事。
6. D 根据to help put him through university(为了帮助他完成大学学业)可知，Pat是做秘书工赚钱。
7. C 根据谓语动词的时态has been极易判断。since (自......以后，一直......)短语通常与完成时连用，而in time(及时、迟早)和before long(=soon)常与一般过去时或将来时连用，later on(后来)常与一般过去时连用。
8. A 根据前后无因果关系，可排除B和C；又根据语境可知是表承接关系填then（然后），而still意为"然而，不过"，在此不符。
9. D 根据句意，只有around适合。"我那时候总是围着小孩转......"
10. B 根据她所说的"总是围着小孩子转，没有一个大人说话"，显然是在"叹息"。
11. C 前后是转折关系。虽然如此之辛苦，"然而"还是继续操劳家务，直到Bob签约前。
12. A 根据前面Bob tried hard to learn cooking, but...从转折连词but可判断答案。
13. D 由后文sometimes having MacDonald's hamburgers for lunch and dinner可知。
14. B 前面谈cooking，现在谈housekeeping，用以引出另一方面的事情，当然用"至于(as for)"较合适。
15. C 根据常识可选出正确答案。除用if外，其它三项均不合事理。
16. A 根据I shut the doors (门一关)可推知，"不用铺床，别人就看不见了"，这种方法不是很简单吗？
17. D 根据语境，可判断句意为"去接在上班的Pat回家时，我要他们......"，"去接回来"当然用fetch。
18. C 与inside out(=wrong side out里面翻到外面)相对的当然是right side out了。
19. A 根据I was wrong可知用admit。Bob通过这70天的体验后，公开"承认"以前自己不做家务活是不对的。
20. C 既然意识到以前错了，现在就会"分担(share)"照看小孩和料理家务活
