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中考英语语法--名词

2010/11/1 12:43:00 浏览:1152 来源:天津家教网

1、名词复数的特殊变化。
  普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es,可是偏偏有一些名词不听话,变化不规则。这些小调皮是:
  (a). class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾,复数要加-es;
  (b). story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es;
  (c). knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es;
  (d). 以-o结尾的名词,一般来说,末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s,我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词,变复数加-es。如:tomato, hero, potato,当然其中的piano 和photo,又是一个例外,他们的结尾只能加-s。
  (e). child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;
    (f). deer,sheep等词更是懒得可以,竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people,police,cattle 等词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式,这就是集体名词。the English,the French,the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时,也作复数用。
  注意:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾,仍为不可数名词。还有the United States(美国),the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。
  
    别奇怪,名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
  (a). man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers, women teachers。
   (b). 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:a ten-mile walk十里路,two-hundred trees 两百棵树。
  
    2、名词所有格:
    表示“……的”通常是在名词的后面加-s,如:Children's day,father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了,只需加 ' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,.则表示“分别有”。.如:John's and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示"共有"。如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。但是有些无生命名词的所有格要用介词of来帮助一下,如:a map of China,the end of this term。
  

练习:
  1. All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there.
  A. women …girls
  B. women… girl
  C. woman…girls
  D. woman…girl
 2. Mr Black is a friend of _________.
  A. Jack's aunt's
  B. Jack's aunt
  C. Jack aunt's
  D. aunt's of Jack
 3. This toy was made by a ____ boy.
  A. ten-year-old
  B. ten-years-old
  C. ten-year-older
  D.ten-years-older
 4. The farmer raised ten _________.
  A. sheeps
  B. deers
  C. horse
  D. cows
 5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.
  A. her grandmother
  B. her grandmother's
  C. her grandmothers'
  D. that of her grandmother
 6. We have moved into a ________.
  A. two- storey house
  B. house of two storey
  C. two-storeys house
  D. two storeys house
 7. The ______ was too much for the child to carry.
  A. box's steel
  B. box of a steel
  C. steel box
  D. box of the steel
 8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________.
  A. the Teacher's Day
  B. Teacher's Day
  C. a Teacher's Day
  D. Teachers' Day
 9. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday.
  A. he
  B. him
  C. his
  D. her
 10. _________are big and bright.
  A. The classroom window
  B. The window of the classroom
  C. The windows of the classroom
  D. The classroom's windows

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